• A40926
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• Aclacinomycin
  • Raty K, Kantola J, Hautala A, Hakala J, Ylihonko K, Mantsala P.Cloning and characterization of Streptomyces galilaeus aclacinomycins polyketide synthase (PKS) cluster. Gene. 2002 Jun 26;293(1-2):115-22.
• Aclarubincin
  • Raty K, Kunnari T, Hakala J, Mantsala P, Ylihonko K. A gene cluster from Streptomyces galilaeus involved in glycosylation of aclarubicin. Mol Gen Genet. 2000 Sep;264(1-2):164-72.
• Aclacinomycin A
  • Raty K, Hautala A, Torkkell S, Kantola J, Mantsala P, Hakala J, Ylihonko K. Characterization of mutations in aclacinomycin A-non-producing Streptomyces galilaeus strains with altered glycosylation patterns. Microbiology. 2002 Nov;148(Pt 11):3375-84.
• Adriamycin
  • Scotti C, Hutchinson CR. Enhanced antibiotic production by manipulation of the Streptomyces peucetius dnrH and dnmT genes involved in doxorubicin (adriamycin) biosynthesis. J Bacteriol. 1996 Dec;178(24):7316-21.
• Amphotericin
  • Caffrey P, Lynch S, Flood E, Finnan S, Oliynyk M. Amphotericin biosynthesis in Streptomyces nodosus: deductions from analysis of polyketide synthase and late genes. Chem Biol. 2001 Jul;8(7):713-23.
• Avermectin
  • Ikeda H, Nonomiya T, Usami M, Ohta T, Omura S. Organization of the biosynthetic gene cluster for the polyketide anthelmintic macrolide avermectin in Streptomyces avermitilis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Aug 17;96(17):9509-14.
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• Avilamycin A
  • Weitnauer G, Muhlenweg A, Trefzer A, Hoffmeister D, Sussmuth RD, Jung G, Welzel K, Vente A, Girreser U, Bechthold A. Biosynthesis of the orthosomycin antibiotic avilamycinA: deductions from the molecular analysis of the avi biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces viridochromogenes Tu57 and production of new antibiotics. Chem Biol. 2001 Jun;8(6):569-81.
• Balhimycin
  • Pelzer S, Sussmuth R, Heckmann D, Recktenwald J, Huber P, Jung G, Wohlleben W. Identification and analysis of the balhimycin biosynthetic gene cluster and its use for manipulating glycopeptide biosynthesis in Amycolatopsis mediterranei DSM5908. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1999 Jul;43(7):1565-73.
• Bleomycin
  • Du L, Sanchez C, Chen M, Edwards DJ, Shen B.The biosynthetic gene cluster for the antitumor drug bleomycin from Streptomyces verticillus ATCC15003 supporting functional interactions between nonribosomal peptide synthetases and a polyketide synthase. Chem Biol. 2000 Aug;7(8):623-42.
• Butirosin
  • Ota Y, Tamegai H, Kudo F, Kuriki H, Koike-Takeshita A, Eguchi T, Kakinuma K. Butirosin-biosynthetic gene cluster from Bacillus circulans. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2000 Oct;53(10):1158-67.
• C-1027
  • Liu W, Christenson SD, Standage S, Shen B. Biosynthesis of the enediyne antitumor antibiotic C-1027. Science. 2002 Aug 16;297(5584):1170-3.
• Calicheamicin
  • Ahlert J, Shepard E, Lomovskaya N, Zazopoulos E, Staffa A, Bachmann BO, Huang K, Fonstein L, Czisny A, Whitwam RE, Farnet CM, Thorson JS. The calicheamicin gene cluster and its iterative type I enediyne PKS. Science. 2002 Aug (5584):1173-6.
• Candicidin
  • Chen S, Huang X, Zhou X, Bai L, He J, Jeong KJ, Lee SY, Deng Z. Organizational and mutational analysis of a complete    FR-008/candicidin gene cluster encoding a structurally related polyene complex.  Chem Biol. 2003 Nov;10(11):1065-76.
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• CE-108
  • Seco EM, Perez-Zuniga FJ, Rolon MS, Malpartida F. Starter unit choice determines the production of two tetraene macrolides, rimocidin and CE-108, in Streptomyces diastaticus var. 108. Chem Biol. 2004 Mar;11(3):357-66.
• Chloroeremomycin
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• Chromomycin A3
  • Menendez N, Nur-e-Alam M, Brana AF, Rohr J, Salas JA, Mendez C. Biosynthesis of the antitumor chromomycin A3 in Streptomyces griseus: analysis of the gene cluster and rational design of novel chromomycin analogs. Chem Biol. 2004 Jan;11(1):21-32.
  • Menendez N, Nur-E-Alam M, Brana AF, Rohr J, Salas JA, Mendez C.Tailoring modification of deoxysugars during biosynthesis of the antitumour drug chromomycin A by Streptomyces griseus ssp. griseus. Mol Microbiol. 2004 Aug;53(3):903-15.
• Clorobiocin
  • Pojer F, Li SM, Heide L. Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the clorobiocin biosynthetic gene cluster: new insights into the biosynthesis of aminocoumarin antibiotics. Microbiology. 2002 Dec;148(Pt 12):3901-11.
• Coumermycin A(1)
  • Wang ZX, Li SM, Heide L. Identification of the coumermycin A(1) biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces rishiriensis DSM 40489. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000 Nov;44(11):3040-8.
• Daunomycin
  • Dickens ML, Ye J, Strohl WR. Cloning, sequencing, and analysis of aklaviketone reductase from Streptomyces sp. strain C5. J Bacteriol. 1996 Jun;178(11):3384-8.
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• Daunorubicin
  • Otten SL, Liu X, Ferguson J, Hutchinson CR. Cloning and characterization of the Streptomyces peucetius dnrQS genes encoding a daunosamine biosynthesis enzyme and a glycosyl transferase involved in daunorubicin biosynthesis. J Bacteriol. 1995 Nov;177(22):6688-92.
• Elloramycin
  • Blanco G, Patallo EP, Brana AF, Trefzer A, Bechthold A, Rohr J, Mendez C, Salas JA. Identification of a sugar flexible glycosyltransferase from Streptomyces olivaceus, the producer of the antitumor polyketide elloramycin.Chem Biol. 2001 Mar;8(3):253-63.
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• Erythromycin
  • Summers RG, Donadio S, Staver MJ, Wendt-Pienkowski E, Hutchinson CR, Katz L. Sequencing and mutagenesis of genes from the erythromycin biosynthetic gene cluster of Saccharopolyspora erythraea that are involved in L-mycarose and D-desosamine production. Microbiology. 1997 Oct;143 ( Pt 10):3251-62.
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• Evernimicin
  • Hosted TJ, Wang TX, Alexander DC, Horan AC.Characterization of the biosynthetic gene cluster for the oligosaccharide antibiotic, Evernimicin, in Micromonospora carbonacea var. africana ATCC39149. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 2001 Dec;27(6):386-92.
• Gentamicin C
  • Unwin J, Standage S, Alexander D, Hosted T Jr, Horan AC, Wellington EM. Gene cluster in Micromonospora echinospora ATCC15835 for the biosynthesis of the gentamicin C complex. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2004 Jul;57(7):436-45.
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• Gilvocarcin V
  • Fischer C, Lipata F, Rohr J. The complete gene cluster of the antitumor agent gilvocarcin V and its implication for the biosynthesis of the gilvocarcins. J Am Chem Soc. 2003 Jul 2;125(26):7818-9.
• Granaticin
  • Ichinose K, Bedford DJ, Tornus D, Bechthold A, Bibb MJ, Revill WP, Floss HG, Hopwood DA.The granaticin biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces violaceoruber Tu22: sequence analysis and expression in a heterologous host. Chem Biol. 1998 Nov;5(11):647-59.
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• Hedamycin
  • Bililign T, Hyun CG, Williams JS, Czisny AM, Thorson JS. The hedamycin locus implicates a novel aromatic PKS priming mechanism.Chem Biol. 2004 Jul;11(7):959-69.
• Jadomycin B
  • Wang L, White RL, Vining LC. Biosynthesis of the dideoxysugar component of jadomycin B: genes in the jad cluster of Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230 for L-digitoxose assembly and transfer to the angucycline aglycone. Microbiology. 2002 Apr;148(Pt 4):1091-103.
• Landomycin
  • Trefzer A, Fischer C, Stockert S, Westrich L, Kunzel E, Girreser U, Rohr J, Bechthold A. Elucidation of the function of two glycosyltransferase genes (lanGT1 and lanGT4) involved in landomycin biosynthesis and generation of new oligosaccharide antibiotics. Chem Biol. 2001 Dec;8(12):1239-52.
  • Luzhetskyy A, Liu T, Fedoryshyn M, Ostash B, Fedorenko V, Rohr J, Bechthold A. Function of lanGT3, a glycosyltransferase gene involved in landomycin A biosynthesis. Chembiochem. 2004 Nov 5;5(11):1567-70.
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• Medermycin
  • Ichinose K, Ozawa M, Itou K, Kunieda K, Ebizuka Y. Cloning, sequencing and heterologous expression of the medermycin biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces sp. AM-7161: towards comparative analysis of the benzoisochromanequinone gene clusters. Microbiology. 2003 Jul;149(Pt 7):1633-45.
• Megalomicin
  • Volchegursky Y, Hu Z, Katz L, McDaniel R. Biosynthesis of the anti-parasitic agent megalomicin: transformation of erythromycin to megalomicin in Saccharopolyspora erythraea. Mol Microbiol. 2000 Aug;37(4):752-62.
• Methymycin
  • Borisova SA, Zhao L, Melancon III CE, Kao CL, Liu HW. Characterization of the glycosyltransferase activity of desVII: analysis of and implications for the biosynthesis of macrolide antibiotics.J Am Chem Soc. 2004 Jun 2;126(21):6534-5.
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• Mithramycin
  • Blanco G, Fernandez E, Fernandez MJ, Brana AF, Weissbach U, Kunzel E, Rohr J, Mendez C, Salas JA. Characterization of two glycosyltransferases involved in early glycosylation steps during biosynthesis of the antitumor polyketide mithramycin by Streptomyces argillaceus. Mol Gen Genet. 2000 Jan;262(6):991-1000.
  • Fernandez E, Weissbach U, Sanchez Reillo C, Brana AF, Mendez C, Rohr J, Salas JA. Identification of two genes from Streptomyces argillaceus encoding glycosyltransferases involved in transfer of a disaccharide during biosynthesis of the antitumor drug mithramycin. J Bacteriol. 1998 Sep;180(18):4929-37.
  • Lombo F, Siems K, Brana AF, Mendez C, Bindseil K, Salas JA.Cloning and insertional inactivation of Streptomyces argillaceus genes involved in the earliest steps of biosynthesis of the sugar moieties of the antitumor polyketide mithramycin. J Bacteriol. 1997 May;179(10):3354-7.
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• Mitomycin C
  • Mao Y, Varoglu M, Sherman DH. Molecular characterization and analysis of the biosynthetic gene cluster for the antitumor antibiotic mitomycin C from Streptomyces lavendulae NRRL 2564. Chem Biol. 1999 Apr;6(4):251-63.
• Nanchangmycin
  • Sun Y, Zhou X, Dong H, Tu G, Wang M, Wang B, Deng Z. A complete gene cluster from Streptomyces nanchangensis NS3226 encoding biosynthesis of the polyether ionophore nanchangmycin. Chem Biol. 2003 May;10(5):431-41.
• Nogalamycin
  • Ylihonko K, Tuikkanen J, Jussila S, Cong L, Mantsala P. A gene cluster involved in nogalamycin biosynthesis from Streptomyces nogalater: sequence analysis and complementation of early-block mutations in the anthracycline pathway. Mol Gen Genet. 1996 May 23;251(2):113-20.
  • Torkkell S, Kunnari T, Palmu K, Hakala J, Mantsala P, Ylihonko K. Identification of a cyclase gene dictating the C-9 stereochemistry of anthracyclines from Streptomyces nogalater. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000 Feb;44(2):396-9.
  • Torkkell S, Ylihonko K, Hakala J, Skurnik M, Mantsala P. Characterization of Streptomyces nogalater genes encoding enzymes involved in glycosylation steps in nogalamycin biosynthesis. Mol Gen Genet. 1997 Sep;256(2):203-9.
• Novobiocin
  • Steffensky M, Muhlenweg A, Wang ZX, Li SM, Heide L. Identification of the novobiocin biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces spheroides NCIB 11891. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000 May;44(5):1214-22.
  • Freel Meyers CL, Oberthur M, Anderson JW, Kahne D, Walsh CT. Initial characterization of novobiocic acid noviosyl transferase activity of NovM in biosynthesis of the antibiotic novobiocin. Biochemistry. 2003 Apr 15;42(14):4179-89.
• Nystatin
  • Brautaset T, Sekurova ON, Sletta H, Ellingsen TE, StrLm AR, Valla S, Zotchev SB. Biosynthesis of the polyene antifungal antibiotic nystatin in Streptomyces noursei ATCC 11455: analysis of the gene cluster and deduction of the biosynthetic pathway. Chem Biol. 2000 Jun;7(6):395-403.
• Oleandomycin
  • Doumith M, Legrand R, Lang C, Salas JA, Raynal MC. Interspecies complementation in Saccharopolyspora erythraea : elucidation of the function of oleP1, oleG1 and oleG2 from the oleandomycin biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces antibioticus and generation of new erythromycin derivatives. Mol Microbiol. 1999 Dec;34(5):1039-48.
  • Quiros LM, Aguirrezabalaga I, Olano C, Mendez C, Salas JA. Two glycosyltransferases and a glycosidase are involved in oleandomycin modification during its biosynthesis by Streptomyces antibioticus.Mol Microbiol. 1998 Jun;28(6):1177-85.
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• Pimaricin
  • Aparicio JF, Fouces R, Mendes MV, Olivera N, Martin JF. A complex multienzyme system encoded by five polyketide synthase genes is involved in the biosynthesis of the 26-membered polyene macrolide pimaricin in Streptomyces natalensis. Chem Biol. 2000 Nov;7(11):895-905.
  • Mendes MV, Recio E, Fouces R, Luiten R, Martin JF, Aparicio JF. Engineered biosynthesis of novel polyenes: a pimaricin derivative produced by targeted gene disruption in Streptomyces natalensis.Chem Biol. 2001 Jul;8(7):635-44.
  • Aparicio JF, Colina AJ, Ceballos E, Martin JF. The biosynthetic gene cluster for the 26-membered ring polyene macrolide pimaricin. A new polyketide synthase organization encoded by two subclusters separated by functionalization genes.J Biol Chem. 1999 Apr 9;274(15):10133-9.
• Rebeccamycin
  • Sanchez C, Butovich IA, Brana AF, Rohr J, Mendez C, Salas JA. The biosynthetic gene cluster for the antitumor rebeccamycin: characterization and generation of indolocarbazole derivatives. Chem Biol. 2002 Apr;9(4):519-31.
  • Onaka H, Taniguchi S, Igarashi Y, Furumai T. Characterization of the biosynthetic gene cluster of rebeccamycin from Lechevalieria aerocolonigenes ATCC 39243. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2003 Jan;67(1):127-38.
• Rimocidin
  • Seco EM, Perez-Zuniga FJ, Rolon MS, Malpartida F. Starter unit choice determines the production of two tetraene macrolides, rimocidin and CE-108, in Streptomyces diastaticus var. 108. Chem Biol. 2004 Mar;11(3):357-66.
• Simocyclinone
  • Trefzer A, Pelzer S, Schimana J, Stockert S, Bihlmaier C, Fiedler HP, Welzel K, Vente A, Bechthold A. Biosynthetic gene cluster of simocyclinone, a natural multihybrid antibiotic. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002 May;46(5):1174-82.
• Spinosad
  • Waldron C, Matsushima P, Rosteck PR Jr, Broughton MC, Turner J, Madduri K, Crawford KP, Merlo DJ, Baltz RH. Cloning and analysis of the spinosad biosynthetic gene cluster of Saccharopolyspora spinosa. Chem Biol. 2001 May;8(5):487-99.
• Streptomycin
  • Mansouri K, Piepersberg W. Genetics of streptomycin production in Streptomyces griseus: nucleotide sequence of five genes, strFGHIK, including a phosphatase gene. Mol Gen Genet. 1991 Sep;228(3):459-69.
• Teicoplanin
  • Li TL, Huang F, Haydock SF, Mironenko T, Leadlay PF, Spencer JB. Biosynthetic gene cluster of the glycopeptide antibiotic teicoplanin: characterization of two glycosyltransferases and the key acyltransferase.Chem Biol. 2004 Jan;11(1):107-19.
  • Sosio M, Bianchi A, Bossi E, Donadio S. Teicoplanin biosynthesis genes in Actinoplanes teichomyceticus. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2000 Dec;78(3-4):379-84.
  • Sosio M, Kloosterman H, Bianchi A, de Vreugd P, Dijkhuizen L, Donadio S.Organization of the teicoplanin gene cluster in Actinoplanes teichomyceticus. Microbiology. 2004 Jan;150(Pt 1):95-102.
• Tobramycin
  • Kharel MK, Basnet DB, Lee HC, Liou K, Woo JS, Kim BG, Sohng JK. Isolation and characterization of the tobramycin biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces tenebrarius. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2004 Jan 30;230(2):185-90.
• Tylosin
  • Gandecha AR, Large SL, Cundliffe E. Analysis of four tylosin biosynthetic genes from the tylLM region of the Streptomyces fradiae genome. Gene. 1997 Jan 15;184(2):197-203.
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• Urdamycin A
  • Faust B, Hoffmeister D, Weitnauer G, Westrich L, Haag S, Schneider P, Decker H, Kunzel E, Rohr J, Bechthold A. Two new tailoring enzymes, a glycosyltransferase and an oxygenase, involved in biosynthesis of the angucycline antibiotic urdamycin A in Streptomyces fradiae Tu2717. Microbiology. 2000 Jan;146 ( Pt 1):147-54.
  • Trefzer A, Hoffmeister D, Kunzel E, Stockert S, Weitnauer G, Westrich L, Rix U, Fuchser J, Bindseil KU, Rohr J, Bechthold A.Function of glycosyltransferase genes involved in urdamycin A biosynthesis. Chem Biol. 2000 Feb;7(2):133-42.
• Vancomycin
  • Losey HC, Peczuh MW, Chen Z, Eggert US, Dong SD, Pelczer I, Kahne D, Walsh CT. Tandem action of glycosyltransferases in the maturation of vancomycin and teicoplanin aglycones: novel glycopeptides. Biochemistry. 2001 Apr 17;40(15):4745-55.
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• Vicenistatin
  • Ogasawara Y, Katayama K, Minami A, Otsuka M, Eguchi T, Kakinuma K. Cloning, sequencing, and functional analysis of the biosynthetic gene cluster of macrolactam antibiotic vicenistatin in Streptomyces halstedii. Chem Biol. 2004 Jan;11(1):79-86.